Python OOP Concepts | Object Oriented Programming Python

What is OOPs concept in Python?

Python was one of the high-level programming languages developed by Guido van Rossum in 1989. It is a general-purpose language that is familiar to machine learning. Many developers opt for the python programming language, as it is simple to learn and it's few lines of code. 

Learning and implementing python language is easier than another programming language because the syntax is similar to the English Language. 

Python was widely used in Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, automation, and Data Science. Python Community which helps the new ones to learn the technology. It is platform-independent and runs on various operating systems, including Linux and Windows.

OOPS Concept in Python

OOPS stands for Object-oriented programming language. The OOPS concept in python includes

                                                              i.      Class

                                                            ii.      Object

                                                          iii.      Abstraction

                                                         iv.      Polymorphism

                                                           v.      Encapsulation

                                                         vi.      Inheritance

The OOPS concept contains objects and data that the aim is to bind together.

Class

Class is created by using the keyword class. An object is created inside the class. The attributes and methods are also present inside the class.

Syntax for class

Class ClassName:

          #Statement -1

           .

           .

          #Statement- N

For example, to differentiate the variety of cars based on their brand, price, color like ford, alto, Volkswagen, Honda, Hyundai, and Tata, and colors like red, white, silver, black, yellow, and orange. 

The syntax involves creating a class name as the car using the keyword class.

Object

The three main concepts involved in Object are State, Behavior, and Identity. The Object is a real-world thing of any kind. It includes mathematical representations like an array, string, floating-point, integers, and all objects. The representation of a single integer or string is also called an Object. 

For example, "15" and "Hello" is an objects. State in Object denotes the properties and attributes. Behavior represents the method in Object and response between the objects. Identity helps the Object interact between the objects and gives a separate name.

Some of the examples of state, behavior, and identity are as follows,

1.     The name of the car represents the identity

2.     Price, color, and model represent the state or attribute.

3.     The behavior represents the car moving or stopping.

Abstraction

The internal working process of a function is hidden, whereas the abstract process shows only the basic implementation of the function. The users can only communicate with the basic process, where the internal working process is hidden. Simply the user is allowed to know the functions are doing, but not how. 

Let's have an example; a child is playing a video game. He uses a button to win the game. The display shows the moving objects. But the child knows only to operate the button rather than the internal working functionality of the gaming process.

Coming to the concept in python, the abstraction concept is to reduce the program's complexity by removing unwanted data. Python programming is used for large complexity programs for designing an application. Hence it is called the blueprint of the other class.

Polymorphism

In the above example, the parent class has the method name as a draw (), as the child class contains the same method name draw () as in the parent class. Both the parent class and child class have the same method name.

Inheritance

In the above diagram, the shapes are a parent class, while the rest of the classes are a child class. The class which inherits some of the functions and characteristics is called the child class from the base class. 

It extracts the function in a hierarchical order. The advantage of using Inheritance is the reusability of code. The child class is called the derived class, while the parent class is called the base class.

Encapsulation

In encapsulation, data and code are integrated into a single entity to avoid modification or change in the data. It organizes the continuous flow of the program and prevents external sources from changing the data.

Benefits of the OOPS Concept

ü Identifying the problem or bug is easier in the OOPS concept. It takes only less time to find where the error takes place.

ü Reusability of code is an added advantage, where there is no need to implement or develop new code from scratch.

ü Polymorphism and Inheritance provide flexibility and scalability.

ü Problem-solving in oops concept is easier compared to other programming language like C, C++, and Java

Summary

It is inevitable to avoid the OOPS concept for a software engineer. Mastering the oops concept is mandatory for reaching higher positions in the industry. It acts as a stepping tool to create quality and optimized code. 

Even though it’s a little hard, the pros are solving the complex problem using the OOPS concept.