Explain Block Diagram of Computer and Its Components

History of Computer

In ancient times, mankind is unaware of nothing. They eat what they get, grasp knowledge what they saw and do whatever they like. As generation passes habits of mankind also changed. ”Necessity is the mother of Invention”, this proverb suits here. 

Little by little they civilized themselves by a proper manner. Education in older days is traditional one. They learn mathematics and writing by visual materials like stone, writing in sand and counting’s are made by different way. 

Later, modernized and globalized world takes us to next level. In early century people face a tough time where they have to solve complex problem without any machine. So, they founded a machine which was technically called “COMPUTER”

Generations of Computer

People design computer which meets their necessity. It is divided into five types such as

1. First Generation Computer( Vacuum tube)

2. Second Generation Computer(Transistor)

3. Third Generation Computer(Integrated Circuit)

4. Fourth Generation Computer(Microprocessor)

5. Fifth Generation Computer(Artificial Intelligence

In order to face and deal with various real time problems, computer gets modernized from vacuum tubes to Artificial Intelligence.

Computer’s Part In Digital World

“The father of computer”, Charles Babbage invented Computer. Everything is automated from manual, without   computer nothing is impossible. Money transactions are made digitalized in order to reduce people’s burden some of the computer ruling fields are,

• Corporate and IT companies

• Hospitals and Educational Institutions

• Banking and Business

It avoids human error, gives a perfect data and information whenever we needed. It entertains children and adults by offline games.

Computer’s role in modern society is inevitable. It performs multiple tasks and reduces people’s workload. For example accessing a patient’s data in a hospital is easier than finding information manually.

Block Diagram Of Computer

Let’s have an overview about what are all the internal components present in computer. The block diagram consists of several units which plays a important role.

The above block diagram of Computer represents the complete process of an internal computing system.

Central Processing Unit (Cpu)

The abbreviation of CPU is Central Processing Unit. It is generally defined as brain and heart of any computer System. It comprises of three main components such as Memory Unit, Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU).

What CPU generally does?

CPU generally follows the instructions specified by the computer. It performs the basic logic and arithmetic calculations, input/output process specified by the external user. Clearly, it can perform mathematical calculation. It is generally termed as a processor which follows all instructions of a computer.

CPU is subdivided into various types such as,

• Single core CPU
• Dual core CPU
• Quad core CPU
• Hexa core CPU
• Octa core CPU
• Deca core CPU

Generally processor is defined as, it process all the instructions and instruct the computer to perform the operation.

Some of the familiar processor company is listed below,

1. IBM
2. APPLE
3. SAMSUNG
4. QUALCOMM
5. INTEL CORPORATION 

CONTROL UNIT

The control unit generally regulates the flow of computer program. It is divided into two types  

• Hardwired Control Unit

• Micro programmable control Unit

The purpose of control unit is to receive instructions from the main memory that is processor and regulates it in a correct form in order to activate the other functional components. It acts as a intermediate between the processor and other functional elements .It decodes the data format, in which way the processor need. It controls the operation of processor without changing the data.              

Arithmetic And Logic Unit (ALU)

The abbreviation of ALU is Arithmetic and Logic Unit. As name itself says, it performs arithmetic and logic operation. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and logical operations include AND, OR, NOT, XOR.

It can perform arithmetic operations in an integer format and decimal in a floating point format.

In ALU the operations are performed by operands and operator.

                          A+B=Y

   Here A and B are operands while “+” is an operator. Y is output

These functions are done by data bus which carries the binary information between microprocessor and other external components.

Memory Unit

A memory in CPU is generally defined as, which have the capability to store computer information. It stores the instructions, data and we people can access it whenever we needed.

The unit of memory unit is measured in terms of bytes.

It is primarily divided into two type’s Primary memory, Secondary memory.

Primary memory includes RAM, ROM, FLASH and CACHE. It also like runtime memory which the information lost once cannot be retrieved back. In case of any power failure or any other technical issue the data is lost.

RAM which is defined as Random Access Memory. The main cons of RAM are the data storage is temporary where it is retained while running but lost once computer turns off. Certain period of time it stores data in order to quickly access the instruction.

ROM stands for Read Only Memory. Unlike RAM it is non-volatile which stores and writes data in a chip and we users can retrieve even after the system off or power failure. The data in ROM can be accessed at any time.

Similar to ROM, flash memory is also non-volatile where the former one cannot be erasable electronically while the latter one is erasable electronically and reprogrammable.

Even though cache is a chip based component, it stores frequent programs and instructions which can be easily accessed in future. The processor retrieves’ information from cache.

Examples: Optical Disk, Hard disk, Memory card, Magnetic tapes.

Secondary Memory

Basically secondary memory is non-volatile, can’t be erasable. It can be sensed by means of touch or feel. It is called as external devices.

The pros of secondary memory are it is easily transported where the primary memory can’t.

Easily the data’s are modified, stored and retrieved and can’t be accessed by computer.

Examples: Pendrive, CD, Floppy disk etc..

Computer In Next Generation

From the above article we have seen the process and working of internal components of computer. This is the basic internal working process which takes you to the advanced level. These internal components play a vital role in today’s world. 

Many competitors and marketing strategy emerged for these internal components. If we opt to buy a processor or hard drive definitely we surf in net to find a better in quality and cost. Simply we called a processor a chip. Behind a chip it contains various physical components to make that. 

In future different and unique innovation is made which makes the next generation more advanced.

Conclusion

World is revolving around technology. Everything is globalized and we can get anything from our doorstep. Without modern innovations it is not possible. Even though there are various pros and cons in technology, it is mandatory for survival and to upgrade oneself.